美国媒体、城市管理、志愿者事业的演变历史及现状
The Evolution, History and Current State of Media, City Management and Volunteer Activities in the United States

现代化以来美国的城市管理、媒体和志愿服务机制发生了重大的演变：（1）城市管理曾经也沦为以裙带主义为特色的政治机器的构件，如今它建立起专业型规范和组织，以服务公共利益为中心，而非服务政党或党派；（2）被称为“第四种政府权力”的媒体，其预设功能是客观报道新闻事件，但又时常受到媒体偏见的批评，无论如何，媒体是公众理念观点的主要源泉；（3）志愿服务是美国的核心价值观之一，志愿者往往是变革的因子，极大地影响着社区服务的类型和提供方式，然后投入志愿者工作的美国民众数量正在下降。本门课程将概述上述复杂并发生变动的机制，探索机制之间的互动和影响。研究专题包括：市政官如何在关注度高的争议性事件中体现专业素养？如何同主管官员保持专业距离？如何与媒体打交道？如何纠正事实型和感知性失误？如何与志愿者打交道？地方治理（包括信息发布和影响民众观念和感知）中传统媒体和新媒体的作用如何？媒体如何激励志愿者？志愿者如何应用媒体递送信息？政府管理、媒体和志愿者如何协作促进城市社区的进步？

Course description: The American institutions of city management, media, and volunteerism have evolved significantly during modern times. City management, once part of a favoritism-driven political machine, today has professional standards and organizations, with an emphasis on serving the public good rather than political parties or factions.; The news media, often called “the fourth branch of government,” supposedly covers issues and events with some objectivity, is often accused of bias but is nevertheless a major source of the public’s ideas and opinions; Volunteerism is a core American value, and volunteers are often agents of change. They have a great impact on what services a community offers, and how those services are delivered. Yet the numbers of Americans doing volunteer work is in decline. This course will view the complex, changing roles of these institutions, and how they continue to interact with and influence each other. Questions explored will include:

?How do city managers maintain their professionalism in highly visible, controversial issues?

?How can they maintain a professional distance from the politicians to whom they report?

?How can city managers best engage with the media? How can they correct errors of fact or perception?

?How can city managers best engage with volunteers?

?What is the role of both traditional and “new” media in local government, including the delivery of news and the shaping of opinions and perceptions?

?How can the media energize volunteers?

?How do volunteers use the media to get their message across?

?How can management, media, and volunteers work together for the betterment of the community?

主讲老师：辛西娅·希尔海默 （Cynthia Seelhammer）

辛西娅·希尔海默现任美国亚利桑那州科科尼诺县（美国第二大县）市政官并有30年以上的地方政府管理从业经历，辛西娅1980年毕业于 圣克劳德大学，获得英语及大众传媒专业本科学位；1987年毕业于旧金山金门大学，获工商管理硕士学位（联邦、州及地方政府治理方向）；1998年毕业于哈佛大学肯尼迪学院“州政府和地方政府治理高级行政”项目。在从事地方政府工作之前，辛西娅在1980-1987间曾是一名专职记者，写过无数新闻和杂志文章，她的发表还包括两本地方治理方面的编著《舍本市的成长》（1980）和《圣保罗市实验》（1990）。辛西娅目前还是亚利桑那大学以及亚利桑那州立大学的客座讲师，教授地方治理的MPA课程。

Cynthia Seelhammer is currently the county manager of Coconino County, Arizona (second largest county in the US), and has been in municipal managerial positions for over 30 years. Cynthia Seelhammer received an undergraduate degree in English and Mass Communications from Saint Could State University in 1980 and a MPA degree from Golden Gate University at San Francisco with a focus in Urban, State and Federal Governance in 1987. She also graduated from the Program for Senior Executives in State and Local Government, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University in 1998. Before local government jobs, Cynthia Seelhammer worked as a reporter in 1980-187 and wrote numerous newspaper and magazine articles. Her publications include two co-edited books, The Growth of Sherburne County (1980) and The St. Paul Experiment (1990). She is a guest lecturer for University of Arizona and Arizona State University, teaching MPA courses related to local government.

课程大纲：美国媒体、城市管理、志愿者事业的演变历史及现状The Evolution, History and Current State of Media, City Management and Volunteer Activities in the United States.pdf